Psychology Homework Help

Constructing Truth Tables

In this assignment, you will construct truth tables and use them to assess the validity of arguments.

Click here to download the assignment, complete the problems listed and save your responses in the Excel document. 

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For this week’s discussion you will consider the scenario below and respond in detail to each of the questions below. Here is the scenario you will use:

Roberta has come to counseling because she is contemplating a divorce from her husband of 12 years. She has been unhappy in her marriage for several years and doesn’t think that she and her husband can rekindle the interest necessary in their relationship to make it work. To complicate the situation, she has been seeing a married co-worker for several months on the sly and is sexually involved. Roberta thinks she loves the man she is having an affair with and would like to marry him. Though he wants to continue seeing her he has made it clear that he is unwilling to end his marriage or break up his family to be with her. Roberta and her husband have three young children and she knows a divorce would be crushing to the children. She’s come to you for counseling to sort through these issues.

1. In your opinion, which of the following counseling theories would you prefer to use to try and help her: Person-centered, Gestalt or Reality? Choose only one and explain your reasoning in detail.

2. Using your chosen theory from question 1, would you go about helping her sort through her confusion? Be sure to bring in concepts from your chosen counseling theory to show how you would specifically work with her.

3. Roberta is looking for answers to questions she feels unable to answer herself because she is so emotionally involved. After she tells you her story she asks you to give your perspective and advice on what she should do. How would you respond to this request? What potential problems might arise if you do give her direct advice? What potential problems might arise if you don’t give your perspective? Be specific and detailed in your response.  What would your chosen counseling theory have to say about giving direct advice?

4. At the end of the session, Roberta is very distraught and asks if you would be available to meet her for coffee later that day to continue the conversation in a more casual environment. Under what circumstances might this be appropriate, if at all? What potential conflicts might this create? Be specific and draw upon information from your text and lecture materials to support your points. 

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Pls note Due Date 7/27/14 and work must pass plagiarism check.

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·         Introduction

Quantitative research methodology uses a deductive reasoning process (Erford, 2015, p. 5). It is based on philosophical assumptions that are very different from those that support qualitative research. Quantitative studies fall under what is broadly described as a positivist perspective. Epistemologically, knowledge is something that is believed to be objective and measurable, and the nature of reality (that is, ontology) is such that there is one fixed, observable, and definable reality. Quantitative approaches to research emphasize the objectivity of the researcher, and because a goal is to uncover the one true reality, values (axiological assumptions) and the subjective nature of experience are not likely to be examined.

Quantitative Research Designs

Quantitative research can be categorized in different ways. Brief descriptions of some designs appear below. The chosen research design is determined by the nature of the inquiry, that is, what the researcher wants to learn by conducting the study. Counseling Research: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods thoroughly describes several major reseach.

Experimental Research

Experimental research, one of the quantitative designs, involves random selection and random assignment of subjects to two or more groups over which the researcher has control. This is what distinguishes experimental studies from the other designs. Experimental studies in counseling are not that common, because many research questions do not lend themselves to random selection and assignment for ethical reasons. Experimental studies compare the effect of one or more independent variables on one or more dependent variables. Independent variables fall into two broad categories. One type of independent variable involves measuring some characteristic inherent in the study’s participants, such as their age, gender, IQ, personality traits, income, or education level. These demographic or blocking variables are not something which the researcher can manipulate, though the researcher can statistically control for them. The treatment or experimental conditions that the researcher sets up is the other type of independent variable, which is unique to experimental designs. The element of control is what permits researchers to conclude that one variable has caused a change in another variable.

Quasi-Experimental Research

Quasi-experimental research designs come in many different forms. Like experimental research, the researcher aims to compare the effect of the independent variable under their control on the dependent variable. However, the researcher does not or cannot randomly assign individual participants to treatment and control groups, so cause-and-effect relationships cannot be as strongly inferred from the results. Pre-existing conditions of one group in comparison to the other may confound the findings. An example might be a study to examine the potential effects of a new curriculum aimed at reducing bullying in a school district. You provide the training to the fourth through sixth grades in one school but not in another, assuming a large school district in which there are two or more middle schools. You could randomly select which school receives the curriculum (treatment group) and which does not (control group), but you cannot assign individuals to either group. With quasi-experimental studies, it is particularly important for the researcher to carefully consider the threats to validity in the interpretation of the results.

Factorial Designs

Quantitative studies which have the large sample sizes required to maintain sufficient statistical power may be used to examine the interactive effects of more than one independent variable. For instance, one might examine whether or not people with different personality types, as measured on the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, respond differently to different types of counseling treatments, while also examining whether or not men and women respond in the same ways to various treatments. When previous research suggests that there may be differential effects on people due to some demographic factor, then one would need to adopt a factorial design to control for these differential effects. Otherwise, the validity of the study could be limited.

Descriptive Designs

Descriptive studies attempt to improve understanding of a phenomenon, either by describing it in succinct quantitative terms or by describing its underlying factors. The goal is not to establish a cause-and-effect relationship, but to use statistics (such as descriptive statistics, correlation, or multiple regression) or data reduction procedures (such as cluster analysis, factor analysis, and multidimensional scaling) to better understand a phenomenon or relationship. Causation cannot be inferred when descriptive designs are used.

Meta-Analysis

Meta-analysis is a statistical procedure which is also considered a non-experimental design (Erford, 2015, p. 139) for determining the degree to which a number of studies examining the same phenomena are in agreement. It takes the standard literature review to another level where statistics are applied in determining an overall effect size. In essence, meta-analysis combines several studies and analyzes them as though they were one big study.

Reference

Erford, B. T. (2015). Research and evaluation in counseling (2nd ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage.

Objectives

To successfully complete this learning unit, you will be expected to:

1.    Summarize the methodological structure of quantitative studies.

Assignment

Quantitative Research Articles Summary

• After studying the introduction to this unit and completing the study activities, briefly compare the uses of the research designs employed in the studies. What is each research design used to determine (for example, relationships between variables, differences among groups)? For one of the quantitative studies, summarize how the quantitative studies, summarize how the sampling, data collection, and data analysis procedures worked together to address the hypothesis. The post should be written in your own words, not direct quotes from the article. Incorporate material from the course text in a meaningful way.

  The suggested length for this post is 400–500 words.

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Consider theoretical models based on current research.

Choose a treatment option for personality disorders.

Create a debate that includes an argument that supports the treatment and an argument that opposes the treatment.

Submit your debate transcript to your instructor.

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Must use citations correctly

Must have refrences

Must be grammatacly correct

Need by Tommorow 7:00 pm Central

Short notice due to This was already posted “teacher” did not provide

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DUE DATE SUN 1PM

NO PLAGIARISM

1 PARAGRAPHS 

“Understanding and Analyzing Arguments”  Please respond to the following:

• Use the Internet to search an example of an enthymeme in the media (e.g., Internet, television, radio, newspapers, etc.).
• Next, explain the example you searched and identify the implied premise in the enthymeme example.

Remember to provide a link to your source and put any information “borrowed” directly from the source (in other words, anything you copy/paste) in quotation marks to indicate that you are quoting directly from the source and not providing your original ideas.

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Book List

This is the list of book from which you must choose. The textbook CANNOT be used as a book report. Your paper must be in either MLA or APA format, and 1500 words in length (not including headers and work cited) – double spaced.  Your paper must be submitted using the submission link for the book report. It must be in “word format”. 

Becker, Ernest                          The Denial of Death

Castaneda, Carlos                   The Journey to Ixlan

Castaneda, Carlos                   The Active Side of Infinity

Jung, C.G.                                  Modern Man in Search of a Soul

Moore, Thomas                         Care of the Soul

May, Rollo                                 The Cry for Myth

Peck, M. Scott                             The Road Less Traveled

Keen, Sam                                   Inward Bound

Huxley, Adlous                          The Doors of Perception

Jaynes, Julian                               The Origin of Consciousness in the

                                                       Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind

Storr & Stevens                           Freud & Jung

Singer, June                                 Boundaries of the Soul

Esters, Clarissa Pinkola             Women Who Run With the Wolves

Grof, Stanislav                             Spiritual Emergency

Jung, C.G.                                     Memories, Dreams, Reflections

Hillman, James                             We’ve Had a Hundred Years of Psychotherapy

                                                         And the World’s Getting Worse

Hesse, Herman                             Steppenwolf

Chodron, Pema                            The Places that Scare You

Grof, Christina & Stan               The Stormy Search for the Self

Jung, C.G.                                     Flying Saucers

Jung, C.G.                                    Psychology and the Occult

Freud, Sigmund                         Civilization and its Discontents

M. Scott Peck                              People of the Lie

Baumeister, Roy                         Evil:  Inside Human Violence and Cruelty

Frankl, Viktor                             Man’s Search for Meaning

Storr, Anthony                            The Essential Jung

Strassman, Rick                           DMT:  The Spirit Molecule

Watson, John B.                           Behaviorism

Freud, Sigmund                          The Interpretation of Dreams

Stevens, Jay                                  Storming Heaven:  LSD and the American

                                                        Dream

Fromm, Erich                               Escape from Freedom

Jung, Carl                                     Answer to Job

Kubler-Ross, Elizabeth              Death and Dying

Skinner, B.F.                                Beyond Freedom and Dignity

Amundsen, Christan                 Insights From the Secret Teachings of Jesus

Ruiz, Don Miguel                      The Four Agreements

Smith, Huston                            The World’s Religions

Novak, Phillip                            The World’s Wisdom

Moody, Raymond                      Life After Life

Jonas, Hans                                 The Gnostic Religion

Ellis, Albert                               The Myth of Self-Esteem:  How                                  

                                                     Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy Can

                                                     Change Your Life Forever.

May, Rollo                               The Discovery of Being:  Writings

                                                    In Existential Psychology

Kelleher, Colm

Knapp, George                         Hunt for the Skinwalker

Tart, Charles                             The End of Materialism

Kaku, Michio                            The Physics of the Impossible

Meyer, Dick                               Why We Hate Us

Valenti, Jessica                          Full Frontal Feminism

Tisdale, Sallie                            Talk Dirty to Me

Johnson, Robert                        He

Johnson, Robert                       She

Johnson, Robert                       We

Zimbardo, Phillip                    The Lucifer Effect

Friday, Nancy                            Beyond My Control

Atwater, P.M.H                         The Big Book of Near Death Experiences

Skinner, B.F.                              Walden Two

Bettelheim, Bruno                    The Uses of Enchantment

Watts, Alan                               Nature, Man & Women

Voytilla, Stuart                          Myth and the Movies

Black Elk, Wallace                   Black Elk – The Sacred Ways of a Lakota

Lanier, Jaron                           You Are Not A Gadget

Kirsch, Irving                     The Emperor’s New Drugs

Lanza, Robert                    Biocentrism:  How life and consciousness are      

                                             the keys to understanding the true nature of      

                                             the universe.

Lommel, Pim Von           Consciousness Beyond Life:  The Science of

                                            Near Death Experiences

Carr, Nicholas                The Shallows:  What the Internet is doing

                                           to our Brains.

DeLonge & Levenda     Gods, Man, & War

Lanza, Robert                 Beyond Biocentrism

Kean, Leslie                   Surviving Death

Please reference any work cited.The book report is to be 1500 words in length, double spaced, using MLA or APA format. To submit your paper – please attach your paper in a “word” format.  Do not cut and paste, and do not email the paper to me.The book report needs to include a brief overview of the content of the book, plus your reflection on the material.  Also,why is this book important to the field of psychology?  Where does this book fit in the area of psychological study?

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Religion- Discussion question

How do the two natures of Christ united in his one person, (according to orthodox Christology), serve the Christian understanding of Christ as savior?

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Disorders of Development or Aging

Ashford University Discussion

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, read Chapters 15 and 17 in the course text, as well as the article titled “Ethical Considerations in Geriatric Neuropsychology,” and view Dr. Chung’s Ted Talk, Autism – what we know (and what we don’t know yet). Pick a disorder of brain development (e.g., onset during childhood) or aging (e.g., dementia due to a neurodegenerative disorder). Explain the symptoms, how the diagnosis is made (e.g., findings on brain imaging, laboratory testing, etc.), the neurobiological basis for the disorder (e.g., CNS structures involved and neurotransmitters), and current treatment options (including mechanism of action for any drug therapies). You must use a minimum of two peer-reviewed articles in your discussion to support your statements.  

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