Psychology Homework Help

Stratified sampling is a probability sampling method while quota sampling is a non-probability sampling method.

Stratified sampling includes sub-dividing the sample into mutually exclusive and exhaustive groups. A simple random sample is then chosen independently from each group. This way, the probability of each element in a given group being selected is equal. Quota sampling, on the other hand, is a type of judgement sampling. In quota sampling, quotas are set up according to some characteristics. Within a given quota, the interviewer has to interview a certain number of people. The interviewer is free to choose anyone he wants. So personal judgement and bias may come in. However, this is the most common type of non-random sampling.

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150 words each and at least one reference

Go back and watch the Angry Couple/Emotional Focused Therapy from week 1 again. But, this time, you are going to look more deeply at the session and the specific techniques used by the counselor.

Watch the Angry Couple/Emotional Focused Therapy Video at the link below

How was Counselor self-disclosure used, if at all?  How did Susan get the clients to self-disclose?

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1. The rules that govern appropriate communication are (Points : 1)  determined by the context of the interaction.

  wait for the sender to finish speaking.

  always shake the hands of a stranger and introduce yourself.

  always maintain eye contact.

Question 2.
2. Which of the follow are listed as forms of nonverbal communication? (Points : 1)  Time and the way it is used (chronemics)

  Physical appearance and attractiveness

  Scents or odors (olfactics)

  All of the above

Question 3.
3. The 
__________ is the source of the interpersonal communication—the person who originates the communication encounter. (Points : 1)  loudest speaker

  sender

  receiver

  initiator

Question 4.
4. Your sense of self-worth and the level of satisfaction you have with yourself are referred to as (Points : 1)  self-esteem.

  self-love.

  self-righteous.

  self-image.

Question 5.
5. Self-concept can be changed through interpersonal communication. (Points : 1)  True 

  False 

Question 6.
6. Communication competence involves being both appropriate and effective in our communicative interactions with others. (Points : 1)  True 

  False 

Question 7.
7. Fill in the blank. According to Bevan and Sole, “________ communicate the history, traditions, and values of their culture through oral communication.” (Points : 1)  All societies

  Most societies

  Some societies

  Civilized societies

Question 8.
8. Maslow explains that the first reason we communicate is for (Points : 1)  building bonds with others.

  self-esteem.

  survival.

  self-actualization.

Question 9.
9. According to Bevan and Sole, which of the following is not one of the five primary characteristics ofcommunication? (Points : 1)  It is a process.

  It must result in shared meaning.

  Both verbal and nonverbal messages influence interactions.

  It occurs in a variety of contexts.

  It involves two or more people.

Question 10.
10. Researchers believe that ____________ is a complex mix of how we see ourselves, what others have told us about ourselves, and what society says we should be.

(Points : 1)

  communication

  family

  self-concept

  jargon

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Research and review the ethical challenges regarding employees (i.e., diversity, discrimination, sexual harassment, privacy, employee theft, bad leadership, etc.) that your chosen organization has faced over the past five to ten years and that they should prepare to face in the next five to ten years. Once you have developed a list of challenges, consider how having faced those challenges (or knowing that you will be facing them) will impact and be impacted by the social cause you’ve selected.

Deliverable:

In a 3- to 5-page Microsoft Word document, present your findings on the ethical challenges faced by your approved global, publicly traded organization in recent history and the near future. Be sure to:

• Discuss ways in which each challenge was (and/or could be) appropriately handled and areas for improvement.
• Investigate and explain the ethical/moral aspects of your organization that have in the past or could in the future protect it from ethical challenges.
• Detail how this information could positively or negatively impact the charitable cause you’ve selected and how the selection of your social cause could positively or negatively impact the company and its employees.

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Assignment 3: Perception of Gender

Gender, as a term and a social concept, has taken many different forms and meanings over time. Your personal experience and expression of gender may be reflective of your generation and the sociopolitical landscape during the influential development stages of your life.

This assignment will allow you to expand your knowledge base and support your acquisition of various expressions and experiences related to gender.

Select a person from a different generation than yourself. Schedule a thirty-minute interview with that person.

Using the module readings, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet, research the evolution of the concept of gender over generations. Select at least two scholarly, peer-reviewed resources for use in this assignment.

During the interview, ask the following questions:

• What does the term gender mean to you? How does it differ from sex?
• How has gender played a part in the understanding of your role and responsibilities at home and at work?
• How was gender conceived of when you were a teenager and what differences do you see in today’s youth regarding gender roles?
• How was gender discussed in your household when growing up? If you have children, how have you communicated gender to them?
• In your estimation, what has been the greatest accomplishment for your gender in achieving equality or equal footing regarding career and family advancement?

During your interview, be aware that the person’s responses could be reactions to the advancements of the opposite gender and the impact he or she experienced. An example would be men’s experiences of child rearing as more mothers enter and excel in corporate environments.

Complete the following:

• Analyze the person’s ability to communicate about gender issues and the role gender has played in his or her life as a member of society.
• Compare and contrast the person’s views on gender with those of your generation. Explain the reasons for the differences.
• Integrate the interview responses throughout your narrative as necessary by summarizing them and utilizing quotes.

In your analysis, be sure to integrate ideas and concepts from your independent research as well as the module readings with your findings from the interview.

Write a 3-page paper in Word format. Apply APA standards to the formatting of your paper and the citation of sources. Remember to include a cover page and reference page in APA format. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M1_A3.doc. For example, if your name is John Smith, your document will be named SmithJ_M1_A3.doc.

By Week 1, Day 7, deliver your assignment to the M1: Assignment 3 Dropbox.

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Create an 8- to 12-slide Microsoft® PowerPoint® presentation with detailed speaker notes describing the following: 

• The main influences involved in the development of psychology
• Early research on the function of the brain
• How the research influenced the study of the mind-body interaction
• The major developments that led to experimental psychology
• A description for each influence or development and how they contributed to the field of psychology

Format any citations in your presentation consistent with APA guidelines.

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 RESPONSE 1

 Respond to at least two colleagues in one of the following ways:

•Offer a suggestion for how psychodynamic theory can be incorporated into practice with a particular population. Be sure to describe the population in your response.

•Expand on an opposing colleague’s post by explaining whether their perspective changed your view on psychodynamic theory’s consistency with social work values and ethics, why or why not.

Colleague 1: Dalicia

An explanation of how experiences in infancy might affect future relationships and social/emotional functioning as described by psychodynamic theories. Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda (2012) stated that “in the oral stage (from birth through 12 or 18 months) the infant explores the world through the mouth, which is also the primary source of gratification.” This shows that during the infant stage things are important especially the bond between the infant ant their mother. Robbins, Chatterjee, & Canda (2012) stated that this stage is where the infant is able to being development of mother who is not available to meet the id’s demands; which means the love and hate that an infant experience can have a major impact on their future relationships and social/ emotional functioning. If an infant do not experience love during infant stage would make it hard for the infant as it get older to show and give love to others due to no experience of love.

Then, explain whether you find these theories consistent with social work ethics and values, why or why not.  I do not find the theories consistent with the social work ethics and values. I feel that theories have the growth of an infant and child to be more than their age group. I do agree that infants can feel when a mother is distinct from them but depending on the infant development they may cannot experience these emotions until the stage of age 2 and 3 years old. I do feel that how a child is raised would have an effect on the way they look at the world and this is where the social work ethics and values come in. Social work values and ethics due believe that many things are driven by individual’s childhood experiences.

Reference

Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon.

Colleague 2: Shaquahia

                                           Experiences in infancy may affect future relationships and social/emotional functioning as described by several psychodynamic theories. As told by Freud, he superimposed levels of consciousness on developmental phases. Freud strongly believed that lasting feelings a child gains about self or others, strongly depend on resolution of each stage he described. The stages consist of the oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, latency stage and genital stage. Each stage is for a specific age range and has different milestones in which the group should reach at the particular stage. Following Freud’s theory, created numerous others to either contest and follow through with his findings. 

                                           Adler was one of Freud’s first dissidents, whom agreed with the existence of sexuality in the first 5 years but disagreed with intrapsychic conflict being a result of repressed unconscious. Rank and Jung are also dissidents and both have agreed with Freud but altered some of his findings. Female analyst Karen Horney also disagreed with Freud and strongly believed people had the capacity to develop and change. Sullivan believed interactions with others gave a rise in enduring behavior patterns and helped individuals develop images for themselves. Many other theorists continued to apply, extend and reformulate Freud’s work, all of which increased views of human behavior. In my opinion, I do believe infancy to have an effect on future relationships due to infancy being a pertinent learning stage. Behaviors will arise following how one was treated as an infant, whether he/she becomes attached quickly, doesn’t like to be touched, craves affection or etc. 

Social Work Ethics and Values

                                           I find these theories consistent with social work ethics and values due to those theories being history for the mental health field. Without analyst such as Freud, would curriculum be as advanced as it is today? According to Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012) psychodynamic theory has provided a substantial core of knowledge that has been applied to social work practice for more than half a century. The history of the theories, and the follow up from different theorists provided a substantial amount of information for the field.

Reference

Robbins, S. P., Chatterjee, P., & Canda, E. R. (2012). Contemporary human behavior theory: A critical perspective for social work (3rd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Allyn & Bacon. Chapter 7, Psychodynamic Theory (pp. 169–200)

RESPONSE 2

Respond to at least two of your colleagues’ posts by:

•Offering additional support for your colleague’s stance from the Learning Resources or peer-reviewed articles

•Offering an alternative interpretation and support with material from the Learning Resources or peer-reviewed articles

•Offering a compromise between the extreme positions and support with material from the Learning Resources or peer-reviewed articles

Colleague 1: Kendra 

Sleep disorders affect a large number of people worldwide and may be increasing faster than suspected. Unfortunately, many of these disorders can go unrecognized and untreated in clinical practice. Insomnia remains one of the most common sleep complaints. Importantly, insomnia differs from sleep deprivation in that there is adequate time and opportunity to obtain sleep, but sleep is impaired and has negative consequences for the patient during the daytime.  According to Gottlieb, Nieto, Baldwin, et al. (2006), “In the United States, the estimated prevalence of chronic insomnia ranges from 9% to 19%.Women report higher rates than men, and minority and elderly populations are also at an increased risk, with the latter reporting rates of approximately 50%.”

Insomnia is defined as difficulty with sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, or early sleep termination averaging at least three times per week for 3 months.  Patients also experience impaired daytime functioning as well.  According to Gottlieb, Nieto, Baldwin, et al. (2006), “Most insomnia patients fall into the category of secondary insomnia, meaning that medication, a comorbid illness, exogenous substances (e.g., caffeine, nicotine, alcohol), another sleep disorder, or poor sleep environment are the root cause of symptoms.”  Insomnia reduces an individual’s quality of life and is heavily associated with depression and anxiety. If a patient is prescribed sleep aids for conditions where the primary symptom is not insomnia than the medical team needs to ensure that the proper test are preformed to get to the root of the problem. Prescribing medications that are not necessary can put the patient at risk of abusing the drug especially if they are recovering addicts. If the lack of sleep is due to things such as medications, caffeine, alcohol, or even a poor sleep environment then the patient needs to  be as honest and open with their care team when completing assessments and evaluations so that detail can be shared and included when making decisions about the patient’s health. 

Treatment for insomnia has frequently involved the use of pharmacologic interventions including benzodiazepines and nonbenzodiazepine sedative-hypnotic agents such as Zolpidem, Eszopiclone, and Zaleplon. These interventions may have short-term efficacy, but long-term use is not recommended due to issues with dependence, tolerance, as well as medication side effects. (Gottlieb, Nieto, Baldwin, et al. 2006)  Interestingly, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) has been shown to improve sleep quality, as measured by sleep efficiency, time spent in slow-wave sleep, and total sleep time, when compared to pharmacologic intervention or placebo in older adults as well as younger patients. CBT including measures of sleep hygiene, sleep restriction, cognitive therapy, and relaxation may be one of the most effective treatments for insomnia. Internet-based behavioral therapies are now being used and are potentially “scalable” even in under-resourced areas.  According to Neubauer (2014), “the FDA-approved insomnia treatment medications include benzodiazepine receptor agonists available in immediate-release, extended-release, and alternative delivery oral absorption formulations; a melatonin receptor agonist; and a histamine receptor antagonist.” As the medical social worker for this scenario if the patient has begun abusing the medication I would take them off of it and prescribed something new with a low dependency rate. The patient may experience side effects and of course would have to adjust to the new medication, but it would be in their best interest since they were abusing the previous medication. I would also refer them to a psychiatrist and a support group as well as recommend med management. 

References

Gottlieb DJ, Redline S, Nieto FJ, Baldwin CM, Newman AB, Resnick HE, et al. Association of usual sleep duration with hypertension: The Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 2006;29:1009 14.

Lichtblau, L. (2011). Psychopharmacology demystified. Clifton Park, NY: Delmar, Cengage Learning. Chapter 6, “Anxiolytic-Sedative-Hypnotic Drug Pharmacotherapy” (previously read in Week 5)

Neubauer, D. N. (2014). New and emerging pharmacotherapeutic approaches for insomnia. International Review of Psychiatry, 26(2), 214-224. doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.888990

Preston, J. D., O’Neal, J. H., & Talaga, M. C. (2017). Handbook of clinical psychopharmacology for therapists (8th Ed.). Oakland, CA: New Harbinger. Chapter 15, “Other Miscellaneous Disorders” (pp. 161-174)

Colleague 2: Dawn

Treating Sleep Disorders

When prescribing addictive sleep medication to an adolescent who potentially could become addictive to those kinds of medication. Teenagers will use prescription drugs in the same form as recreational drugs (Friedman, 2006). They often will use these drugs for a few reasons to stay awake, fall asleep or school performance to get the effect they are looking for (Friedman, 2006). The problem is they will abuse the drugs and not take as prescribe or for its intended use. The pharmaceutical industry does market these kinds of drug in the amount of $1.8 billion and imposes these drugs as something should be used on a daily basis sedative drugs (Friedman, 2006).The trend toward prescription drugs in teenagers are the prescription drugs that give them a down effect this kind of drugs that give the sedative effect such as Ativan and Trazodone. Since the drugs are prescribed the teenagers get the perception it is safe to take even though they take them not as prescribed the way they should (Friedman, 2006). When they use these types of medication on their developing brain it can have damaging affecting which they do not realize (Friedman, 2006).

This controversy towards teenage drug abuse typically when it comes to preventing teenage prevention with important interventions in preventing drug abuse from happening (Hock, Priester, Iachini, Browne, DeHart, Clone, 2015). This particular study measured effective ways family involvement can minimize the risk for substance-use (Hock et al, 2015). Another study suggested using motivational interviewing with these teams joined with cognitive behavioral therapy they saw improved changes in the teens after 6 months of treatment (Whitten, 2013).

Both these studies have discussed treatment options when it comes to substance abuse in teenagers. Although one is a preventive option and the other is after the fact. I agree with both methods of preventive treatments but the preventive one would be more beneficial. Preventing teenagers from ever using drugs in the first place is an effective way to treat the misuse of prescription drugs. The study suggests when a family is involved it is an effective way to prevent drug abuse in teenagers.

 Reference

 Friedman, R. A. (2006). The changing face of teenage drug abuse—The trend toward prescription drugs. New England Journal of Medicine, 354(14), 1448–1450.

         Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. Hock, R. r., Priester, M., Iachini, A.,

Hock, R. r., Priester, M., Iachini, A., Browne, T., DeHart, D., & Clone, S. (2015). A Review of Family Engagement Measures for Adolescent Substance Use Services. Journal Of Child & Family Studies, 24(12), 3700-3710. doi:10.1007/s10826-015-0178-7

Whitten. L, (2013). Two hour-long sessions a week apart reduce symptoms of substance abuse or dependence. Retrieved from https://www.drugabuse.gov/news-events/nida-notes/2012/12/brief-intervention-helps-adolescents-curb-substance-use

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Working with special populations in any field can present challenges that require special competencies. This is particularly true in the substance abuse field. There are many cultural factors that contribute to substance abuse and influence assessment and treatment approaches. In addition, specific demographic factors such as age, socioeconomic status, family composition, and parenting styles can influence the development of these disorders and have to be addressed in the assessment and treatment plan. The success or failure of treatment can be directly related to the accommodation of these factors.

Use the module readings and the Argosy University online library resources to research cultural competency.

Review the following list and select one population group for use in this assignment:

• Deaf and hard of hearing
• Native Americans and Alaskan Natives
• Asian Americans/Pacific Islanders
• Spanish Americans
• Persons with disabilities
• Children and adolescents
• Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgendered (GLBT)

Respond to the following in a PowerPoint presentation:

• Explain how you would work with that population with cultural competency. Specifically address substance abuse.
• Describe the particular issues that might arise when working with a client from your selected special population.

Include detailed speaker’s notes and one slide with references.

Develop a 6–8-slide presentation in PowerPoint format. Apply APA standards to citation of sources. Use the following file naming convention: LastnameFirstInitial_M4_A2.ppt.

By Wednesday, May 10, 2017, deliver your assignment to the M4: Assignment 2 Dropbox.

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Literature Review – “Parenting styles and how they affect a child in a positive and negative way” – An intro to my final paper, just the background research critique, 2 page double space; APA format; Independent Variable “parenting styles?” Dependent Variable “child outcomes” (however you define/operationalize them). I’ve attached an article about parenting styles 

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Nephrons are the structural and functional units of kidneys.

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