15.You attend a presentation on campus on emotional expressions. The speaker claims that disgust is typical of expressions in that it depends on the culture. What is your educated reaction to this claim?
a.
You disagree since disgust is only found in Western cultures.
b.
You disagree. Disgust is a basic emotion and is expressed the same around the world.
c.
You agree, but add that how it is expressed depends on the age of the individual.
d.
You agree. The facial expression of disgust depends on the culture.
____16.The accuracy of identifying cancer tumors increases when mammograms are:
a.
read using a magnifying glass
b.
in color
c.
read by two doctors and a new computer program
d.
in 3D
____17.The principle of continuity states that:
a.
we organize forms along a smooth line or path
b.
we will continue to perceive stimuli in a given manner until we notice a change
c.
we assume objects continue to possess the same form even when removed from our perceptual field
d.
we use similar patterns of organization throughout our lives
____18.A perceptual constancy is defined as the:
a.
tendency for all persons to see the world in the same manner
b.
ability for several different sensory images to form a perception at the same time
c.
tendency to perceive things as unchanging, even though their physical appearance changes
d.
ability to utilize only one sense, even though multiple sensations are being experienced
____19.To show a set of railroad tracks moving off into the distance, an artist paints the tracks so that the rails converge. This depth cue is known as:
a.
linear perspective
c.
relative size
b.
atmospheric perspective
d.
interposition
____20.The depth cue of light and shadow make brightly lit objects appear ____.
a.
closer
c.
larger
b.
farther away
d.
smaller
____21.An explanation for why Western Caucasians tend to focus on eyes when looking at faces is that:
a.
there was evolutionary pressure to make that adaptation
b.
Western culture considers eye contact offensive
c.
it is a biological predisposition
d.
Western culture places value on eye contact
____22.Based on your study of illusions, which of the following best describes perception?
a.
passive
c.
impersonal
b.
active
d.
voluntary
____23.If someone reportedly has precognition, then they supposedly have the ability to:
a.
read the minds of other people
c.
perceive objects that are invisible
b.
“talk” to people with their minds
d.
foretell events before they happen
____24.According to the text, there are people who claim to have psychic powers:
a.
but most are never given a chance to prove it
b.
but the skepticism of scientists creates negative energy that disrupts these powers when these psychics are being tested
c.
and most have been certified as true psychics by James Randi
d.
most, however, cannot demonstrate these powers under carefully controlled conditions
____25.Bem and Honorton reported data that supported telepathy. The most prudent response to this study was to:
a.
conclude that ESP is a reliable phenomenon
b.
wait and see if the results can be replicated by someone else
c.
judge that Bem and Honorton are frauds
d.
question the subjects in the study about their experiences
____26.The term ____ refers to mental and emotional processes of which we are unaware but that influence our conscious thoughts and behaviors.
a.
unconsciousness
c.
coma
b.
implicit (or nondeclarative) memory
d.
altered states
____27.A frequent flier has problems with jet lag. He decides that he can control this by changing the seat he normally occupies in the aircraft. This strategy is:
a.
not likely to work because jet lag is caused by protein imbalances that result from having to eat at irregular times
b.
going to fail because jet lag is caused by a lack of synchrony between biological and chronological clocks
c.
likely to work because jet lag is caused by the nature of movement in an aircraft and this is experienced differently in different parts of the plane
d.
not likely to work because jet lag is caused by the tiring nature of travel
____28.What hormone is thought to play a role in circadian rhythms?
a.
dopamine
c.
estrogen
b.
melatonin
d.
prolixin
____29.Before entering the first stage of sleep, you probably feel relaxed and drowsy as you lay in your bed. This is called the ____ stage.
a.
alpha
c.
psi
b.
beta
d.
theta
____30.A mother tells her son that if he doesn’t sleep he won’t grow. The mother is:
a.
partly correct in that growth hormones are released during Non-REM sleep
b.
relying on an old folk tale that has no support in science
c.
partly correct in that a rested body grows faster
d.
correct because we do most of our growing when we are asleep
____31.Denise is watching Greg sleep. Denise notices that Greg’s eyes are rapidly moving back-and-forth behind his closed eyelids. She also notes that his arms lack muscle tension. These suggest that Greg is:
a.
experiencing sleep spindles
c.
in gamma sleep
b.
dreaming
d.
emitting theta waves
____32.Based on Module Seven, who is most likely a conscientious introvert?
a.
Taylor—a morning person
c.
Garth—tends not to remember dreams
b.
Bashir—an evening person
d.
Tom—has chronic nightmares
____33.What role does the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO) play in consciousness?
a.
focuses our attention during periods of intense awareness
b.
influences the quality and quantity of dreams
c.
paralyzes voluntary muscles
d.
acts like a master switch for sleep
____34.Disrupting circadian rhythms, abusing alcohol or sedatives, and having medical problems or chronic pain are all physiological causes of
a.
sleep apnea
c.
night terrors
b.
insomnia
d.
narcolepsy
____35.The sleep attack of narcolepsy is accompanied by:
a.
cataplexy
c.
cessation of breathing
b.
auditory hallucinations
d.
outbursts of emotion
____36.Brad attends a hypnosis show. He goes up on stage and performs many interesting behaviors. Later he tells his friends that he was just going along with the hypnotist because he felt social pressure. Brad’s experience supports the idea of hypnosis:
a.
as an altered state of consciousness
c.
as just a stage of sleep
b.
from a trance state perspective
d.
from a sociocognitive perspective
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