1. Convert the binary data “110101” into analog waveforms using following modulation
techniques:
a. Two level Amplitude Shift Keying
b. Two level Frequency Shift Keying
c. Two level Phase Shift Keying
d. Differential Phase shift keying
e. Four level Amplitude Shift Keying
f. Four level Phase Shift Keying
g. Eight level Amplitude Shift Keying
2. With fc = 1000 kHz, fd = 50 kHz, and M = 16 (L = 4 bits), using Multiple Frequency-Shift
Keying (MFSK), compute the frequency assignments for each of the sixteen possible 4
bit data combinations. 3. Draw the approximate Analog Modulation and Frequency Modulation waveforms in
complete steps for the following signal:
4. Draw the 16 QAM Constellation Diagram having four different amplitude levels and four
different phase levels.
5. Explain and draw the Error Detection Process for Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC).
6. Compute the frame check sequence using Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) for the
following information:
Message = 111010110, Pattern = 101110
7. Compute the transmitted signal using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum for the
following information:
Input: 101, Locally Generated PN bit stream: 011011010110, T = 4Tc
8. Explain why the square and circle shapes cells for cellular communications are not
appropriate as compared to hexagonal shape cells.
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