Social Science Essays Help

Hello I need help to find correct answer for class Anthrpology please select correct answer Q1- According to the authors in GHE (CH 1), the World

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Hello I need help to find correct answer for class Anthrpology

please select correct answer

Q1- According to the authors in GHE (CH 1), the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that poor environmental quality is directly responsible for about 25% of the world’s burden of disease.

 
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Guiding Questions How did the roles of problem solving, insight, and activity change ideas about learning (Gestalt approaches)? How have Cognitivist approaches impacted teaching and learning and what

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Guiding Questions

  • How did the roles of problem solving, insight, and activity change ideas about learning (Gestalt approaches)?
  • How have Cognitivist approaches impacted teaching and learning and what is their significance?
  • In what ways do this week’s readings connect with your experiences of teaching and learning?

Pre-Reading

Before attending to this week’s readings, think about the questions above. Much like you would do a K-W-L Chart with your students; determine what you KNOW about the topic and what you WANT to KNOW about the topic. Your R2R Post will indicate what you LEARNED about this week’s content. Refer to the R2R details and the success criteria outlined in the Syllabus.

Readings

  • Phillips & Soltis: Chapter 4
  • Schunk: Chapter 5

Activities

  • Complete Assigned Readings 
  • Post R2R#3 (
  • Comment on at least 2 of your classmates’ posts 
  • Reply to the first person to comment on your post

Classmate 1 

The main difference between behavioral theories and cognitive theories is that behavioral theories did not take into account what was going on in the human mind. In the world of behaviorism, there was a focus on forming associations between a stimuli and a response. Cognitivism on the other hand, focuses on the internal processes that intervene between a stimuli and a response (Schunk, 2012).  It is also important to note that cognitivism differs from behaviorism in the belief that the whole is meaningful and looses meaning when reduced to individual components, where as in behaviorism the opposite is true. The Gestalt theory had a huge impact on how teaching and learning is viewed today. In Gestalt view, learning is a cognitive phenomenon involving reorganizing experiences into different perceptions of things, people, or events (Schunk, 2012). The Gestalt theory connects problem solving, insights and activity. When a person encounters a problem, there is a natural instinct to solve that problem. The only variable known at the beginning stages is the problem itself. The person now has to determine the missing piece; the solution. That person may go through multiple experiences before finally finding a solution; this is when insight occurs. According to the gestalt theory, humans use the principles of proximity, similarity, common direction, simplicity and closure to reorganize experiences. 

Cognitive theories contributed much to teaching and learning. In cognitivism, many things are considered regarding how humans learn. Attention span is one of the factors the contributes to learning and how information is processed. Attention span refers to how long a person can focus on the same things before their mind wanders off to something else. Schunk states that attention span is related to student age, hyper-activity, intelligence, and learning disabilities. By taking into consideration these different factors educators can begin to identify the differences in their learners. Teachers can promote student attention through the use of classroom activities related to content. Along with attention span, cognitive theories take into consideration, reception of information, perception, short term/working memory, prior knowledge and experiences of the learning. Teachers promote learning through the use of visuals, hand-on activities and short instruction. The biggest contribution to learning from cognitivism is allowing students to play a role in their learning, rather than always being expected to see the world from someone else’ view. Students are able to build knowledge through the exposure of a wide range of experiences. I strongly believe in cognitive theories. For me, the idea that  knowledge is acquired through learning is the most important aspect of cognitivism. As an educator, I believe that each of my students has the ability to learn and gain knowledge and learn. Being that most of my students of ELL’s I know that in order for learning to occur, I have to display information in various ways to meet the needs of my various learners. Most, if not all, of my lessons are centered around the SIOP model. Each lesson also contains the four domains of language; reading, writing, listening and speaking. Throughout the year, students who come to school in September without a word of English, leave speaking, writing and reading the language. Schunk recommends the use of eye-catching displays or actions at the start of lessons to grab students attention, as well as walking around while students are working. These actions really help to promote students attention and keep them actively engaged in our lessons. The consideration of students experiences and prior knowledge also play a huge role in how successful they will be in the learning process. In most cases, students need to have met a prerequisite skill in order to meet another. By front-loading and scaffolding information prior to a lesson, we can ensure that our students have the appropriate skills to master the required skill. For example, if a student is expected to multiply a 3 digit number by a 2 digit number, they will first need to know how to multiple a 1 digit number by a 1 digit number, and so on and so fourth. Learning is something that is achievable by any learner as long as they are provided with the proper skills and tools to do so.  

classmate 2 

For the behaviorist, the acquisition of knowledge came from the acquisition of a new behavior. It was something that happened to a learner. The theorist from the Gestalt approach believed that learning/knowledge depended upon something being  done by the learner. (Phillips & Soltis, 2009, pg. 33) This means that “every learner is active, both mentally and physically, when engaged in learning.”(Phillips & Soltis, 2009, pg. 33)The behaviorist looked at the way we process more external than internal.  The Gestalt approach disagreed with behaviorist about consciousness. Gestalt theory says that meaningful perception and insight occur only through conscious awareness. (Schunk, 2012, pg. 176) And Koher drew the conclusion that learning takes place through an act of insight,(Phillips & Soltis, 2009, pg. 35) and insight occurs when people suddenly “see” how to solve a problem. The Gestalt approach changed ideas about learning because it focused on the idea of humans seeing things as a whole and not just in parts.  And according to the theory, “the capacity to view things as wholes is an inborn quality.”(Schunk, 2012, pg. 176) So this is something that we are in fact born with. The Gestalt approach also states that “well organized material is easier to learn and recall.”(Schunk, 2012, pg. 186) So if information is delivered in a well organized way, the learner should be able to retain it better. But not only does the information need to be well organized, learning also happens best when the instruction is related to real life experience. We read in Phillips and Solitis that “a problem can only be solved if both it and the ingredients of its solution are meaningful.”(Phillips & Soltis, 2009, pg. 39)

When it comes to the cognitive approach, this focuses on the way we think. This includes our perceptions, attention, memory, thinking and consciousness as we read a lot about in Learning Theories chapter 5.  The cognitive approach is significant because it focuses on how  we ( the students) understand information and concepts. Also how we make connections between different concepts being taught. The cognitive approach teaches students how to effectively use their brains to make these connections. This is done by students being physically, and mentally active and alert and engaged.(Phillips & Soltis, 2009, pg. 38)

After the readings for this week, I noticed that I also use some the cognitivist approach inside my classroom. I always have discussions about what is being taught, or have them explain their thinking.  When working with younger children this can be difficult, because they often do not know how to explain their thoughts. So by having these discussions, it gives them practice on how to formulate the words and ideas. I also use visuals whenever I can. Just so they can have the help of creating a picture for themselves down the line. 

classmate 3 

Hello all,

This week, the reading focused on cognitivism; specifically, the Gestalt approach and the Information Processing Theory. Past theories of learning stated that learning was “more or less something that happened to a learner rather than being something that a learner did or achieved.” (Phillips and Soltis, page 33) The Gestalt view states that “learning is a cognitive phenomenon involving reorganizing experiences into different perceptions of things, people, or events.” The word Gestalt means organization, as learners we experience objects or events as organized wholes. Through experiments and studies theorists adopted different approaches on learning. Kohler’s experiments concluded that learning “takes place through an act of insight”, and in order to do so the learner must be familiar with the problem and its solution. The learner “mentally or physically manipulates until a connection is made and a solution is found.”

The roles of problem solving, insight, and activity changed ideas about learning by stressing that in human learning, we respond to meanings, and when we make intellectual connections! I can relate to one of the cases from chapter 4, I have never been “good” at learning history, in high school it was so BORING…I never made intellectual connections with the material, and my teacher was the worst – so dry. My opinion on history class was that I couldn’t just learn the material, I needed to make meaning and connections to really learn it. History is still not my strong point, but I have found much more meaning in certain events.

As an educator and learner, I know that the approach of cognitivism and the idea of learning happens when you make meaningful intellectual connections to be spot on. “Humans are wired so that they grow from experiences in ways that enable them to solve problems and achieve goals…a problem can only be solved if both it and the ingredients of its solution are meaningful.” (Phillips and Soltis, page 39) As an educator, when planning lessons, I want to get better at ensuring that I am presenting material in a way that my students can relate to it. It is important in learning that they can apply meaning and that they understand the uses of the skill/material being taught. Another quote from the reading I agree with is that “we should avoid setting up no-win situations for our students-such as assigning tasks that are beyond their present capacities or experience, where they are bound to fail and thus are made to appear unintelligent.” (Phillips and Soltis, page 34.) We meet our students where they are at; with high expectations, purposeful instruction, and student’s engagement our students will learn. I believe that engaged students, making connections and finding meaning in the content, are learning student!

Thanks for reading.

 
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Create a 10- to 12-slide presentation that covers all the information related to your case study. Include the following:

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Create a 10- to 12-slide presentation that covers all the information related to your case study. Include the following:

  • Introductory slide
  • Case background
  • The research question for the case study you selected
  • The goal of the research: How would this apply to the real world?
  • Ethical considerations for the research, including any use of social media, cultural practices, and learning
  • Cultural diversity on the interpretation of your research findings
  • Qualitative method used
  • Any possible unanticipated influences on the research
  • A sample of your survey or interview questions, if applicable
  • Description of the type and size of the sample for the study
  • Two variables from the study that involved using correlation, explained
  • Reference page (Provide speaker notes that address the reference and reasons you selected what you did for the study.)
 
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is there anything that can be done to keep the media from tainting cases in terms of convincing the public of someone’s guilt or innocence?

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is there anything that can be done to keep the media from tainting cases in terms of convincing the public of someone’s guilt or innocence? (Casey Anthony, for instance) What about when the media interviews courtroom players such as District Attorneys?

 
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Temperament Assignment : During Weeks 3 and 4 we will be studying aspects of Temperament.  After reading the material in Chapter 4 including the Video Clips on temperament, and the Journal article,

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Temperament Assignment : 

During Weeks 3 and 4 we will be studying aspects of Temperament.  After reading the material in Chapter 4 including the Video Clips on temperament, and the Journal article, Temperament Affects Parents, Children and Family(http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/temperament-affects-parents-children-family/) you will complete the Assignment.

Provide a detailed summary of the Journal Article, and the Text material on temperament. Then, you will also be looking at your own temperament and the temperament of significant others in your life, and charting your observations. You will be turning in an analysis of your findings and you must show a substantial understanding of “goodness of fit” in a report including the Text and Article summary of at least three pages.  You do not have to turn in the scales or charts, just your written report.  The Assignment is due as a word doc. attachment into the correct Drop Box by midnight on Sunday of the fourth week of class, and is worth 20 points.

Make sure to double space your paper, use a 12 pt font, 1″ margins, proof read before submitting, and when you use material from the text or another source, you must remember to cite and reference appropriately using APA format for the references.  

Notes for the Charts:  Download and print the attachment.  On the first Chart, find where you fall on the ranges for the 9 Temperament Traits.  On the second Chart, map where you fall in each of the Traits.  Then connect the dots one by one to see the pattern.  This might look like many peaks and valleys or be straight across in areas. (There is no right or wrong way or appearance to these.) Next choose a significant other and mark their traits on both charts – use a different color pen so they are distinctive from yours.  Observe the similarities and differences, and discuss them in your paper.  Make sure to also discuss how you achieve goodness of fit when there are dissimilar traits between you.  You do not need to turn in the Charts.

To reference the Article use:

Keogh, B. (2016). Temperament affects parents, children and family. Great Schools. Retrieved from: http://www.greatschools.org/gk/articles/temperament-affects-parents-children-family/

To cite and reference the Text book in APA, please use the following:

Ferguson, S.B. (2016). The child, family, school, and community: A developmental perspective. Retrieved from https://app.tophat.com/e/696709

 
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The sunni reform movement that began in India and became popular in Pakistan is called what?

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The sunni reform movement that began in India and became popular in Pakistan is called what?

 
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NRMs may be thought of as religious ‘laboratories’ that mix different ‘ingredients’ in order to find a ‘formula’ that appeals to people living in…

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NRMs may be thought of as religious ‘laboratories’ that mix different ‘ingredients’ in order to find a ‘formula’ that appeals to people living in turbulent times. Explain TWO distinct examples of such experimentation within the Rajneesh movement.

 
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Martin Luther King Jr. said that, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.

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Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. said that, “Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere.” To live a good life and as a good person it is not only having the right morals but, it is also acting on them. Many would agree that discrimination of any sort is an injustice. To what extent do you have a responsibility to fight/reduce discrimination? Support your answer with one of the moral theories covered in the course. 

Your paper should be 2-3 pages in APA format.

 
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At a meeting of the American Association of Knitting Enthusiasts, five people are elected to a committee to create

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At a meeting of the American Association of Knitting Enthusiasts, five people are elected to a committee to create

a mission statement. Devin spends the entire committee meeting looking at her cell phone and texting and contributes nothing to the work. She is sure the other four will get the work done fine without her. Devin’s behavior is most likely the result of

A. social facilitation.

B. in-group bias.

C. social loafing.

D. deindividuation.

Austin and Hallie just witnessed a serious accident where a cyclist crashed while riding through the park. The couple was shocked that none of the nearby people in the crowded park rushed over to help. According to the psychologists who first described the phenomenon of bystander apathy, which factor should increase the chances of the victim receiving help from others?

A. If the victim is female, she is more likely to receive help from bystanders.

B. If there are fewer bystanders, someone is more likely to help the victim.

C. If the members of the crowd are able to remain anonymous, they are more likely to try to help the victim.

D. If the victim is a priest or a nun, he or she is more likely to receive help from bystanders.

Bowen has been stuck in traffic all morning, and she’s late for an important appointment. Then a man in a blue car has the nerve to cut her off. Bowen honks her horn, pounds her steering wheel, and yells out the window. Which of these explains why Bowen has begun to display road rage?

A. frustration-aggression hypothesis

B. social and cultural factors

C. door in the face strategy

D. normative influence

Casey is jealous of his sister Yvette, who seems to get special treatment because she is very physically attractive. Yvette always breezes through airport security, and whenever she gets pulled over for speeding, she is able to talk her way out of getting a ticket. From which stereotype does Yvette benefit?

A. birds of a feather

B. reciprocal helping

C. What is beautiful is good.

D. eye of the beholder

Cedric walks into his boss’s office and says, “I have a conflict next Thursday. Can I please have the day off?” His boss thinks it over for a minute and then agrees to give Cedric the day off. The boss’s willingness to agree to a specific request is an example of

A. compliance.

B. conformity.

C. obedience.

D. attribution.

Craig said he had forgiven Josh for a past disagreement, but whenever Josh goes out with the group, Craig seems to stay at home. Which of Craig’s attitudes toward Josh likely remains negative?

A. simple

B. complex

C. implicit

D. explicit

Danielle is placed into a remedial mathematics class in her school even though she is sure that her skills should have qualified her for a regular math course. Her new remedial math teacher communicates that he does not expect Danielle to perform well in class. As a result, she does not try very hard and gets very low grades in the class. Danielle’s performance in her math class most likely has been affected by a(n)

A. in-group bias.

B. self-fulfilling prophecy.

C. fundamental attribution error.

D. actor/observer bias.

Donna is madly in love with Harry. Whenever they are together she has a very strong sexual yearning for him, and when they’re apart she longs to be with him. Brain imaging studies show that this sort of passionate love is associated with activity in the __________ reward system.

A. norepinephrine

B. acetylcholine

C. serotonin

D. dopamine

Dr. Barker is an experienced medical professional, but he is also a smoker. In order to reduce the inevitable __________, he probably needs to change his behavior and quit smoking, because it will be very difficult for him to change his attitude and stop believing that smoking is bad for his health.

A. social exposure

B. justification of effort

C. postdecisional dissonance

D. cognitive dissonance

During the election for a new city mayor, Sheila, one of the candidates, held several news conferences to explain in detail how she would address the important issues that the city was facing. Another candidate, Novia, bought TV advertisements that showed local celebrities supporting her for mayor. According to the elaboration likelihood model, Sheila was attempting to use persuasion by the ________ route and Novia was using persuasion by the ________ route.

A. secondary; primary

B. central; peripheral

C. primary; secondary

D. peripheral; central

Group leaders should refrain from expressing strong opinions at the beginning of discussions. Leaders should also encourage their teams to consider alternative ideas and treat dissenters respectfully. In this way, leaders can prevent which of the following from happening?

A. conformity

B. groupthink

C. risky-shift effect

D. deindividuation

Jamie wants to persuade her parents to let her go to Europe with her school choir. Which statement about persuasion is most accurate?

A. Jamie will be more persuasive if she delivers a strictly one-sided argument.

B. Jamie will be more persuasive if she addresses her parents when they are unable to pay attention to her arguments.

C. Jamie will be more successful if her arguments are memorable.

D. Jamie will be more successful if she prevents her parents from thinking too deeply about her arguments.

Janelle’s college adviser discouraged her from taking computer science because those classes tend to be difficult. Even though Janelle had an interest in programming, she began to doubt herself and worried that she would be unable to succeed in difficult, analytical courses. Her adviser’s expectations had the potential to turn into which type of outcome?

A. self-fulfilling prophecy

B. discrimination

C. prejudice

D. subtyping

Jenna knows that Johnny doesn’t treat her right. She also knows she can find someone who will treat her better. But for some reason, she keeps dating Johnny anyway. Which of these is true about Jenna?

A. Her attitude toward Johnny is simple.

B. Her attitude toward Johnny is complex.

C. Her attitude toward Johnny is accessible.

D. Her attitude toward Johnny is inaccessible.

Michelle is the department head of an African studies program at a local college. When Carmen, a Latina student, wants to enroll in the program, Michelle refuses to let her and tells her it was designed for African American students. Michelle’s unwillingness to admit Carmen to the program is most likely the result of

A. a self-fulfilling prophecy.

B. making snap judgments.

C. prejudice.

D. discrimination.

Neil and Gretchen recently started dating, and they feel an overwhelming urge to be together all the time and to have sex as often as possible. Armando and Jenny have been married for several years, and they each feel lucky to be married to their best friend. Neil and Gretchen are experiencing __________ love, while Armando and Jenny’s relationship has evolved into __________ love.

A. companionate; passionate

B. passionate; companionate

C. egotistic; altruistic

D. altruistic; egotistic

Researcher Stanley Milgram wanted to understand why normal citizens would follow orders to injure or kill innocent people during World War II. He wanted to know what factors influence people to follow orders given by an authority figure. In other words, he wanted to understand which phenomenon?

A. discrimination

B. prejudice

C. obedience

D. situational attributions

Sarah was shocked by the news of her neighbor being sexually assaulted. She was even more shocked, though, that so many people, including Sarah’s own mother, assumed her neighbor had provoked the attack somehow. According to this perspective, Sarah’s mother is making an attribution that seems to make the world seem safer and saner.

A. fundamental attribution error

B. actor/observer bias

C. just world hypothesis

D. self-fulfilling prophecy

The Sandersons have been married for over 40 years. They are a happy couple, and they tend to overlook each other’s bad behavior or respond constructively. What is this process called?

A. attribution

B. persuasion

C. altruism

D. accommodation

The more specific an attitude is, the more predictive of a behavior it is. Which scenario best exemplifies this?

A. Sean’s attitude toward spanking is more predictive of whether he will spank his children than his attitude toward parenthood in general.

B. Sean’s attitude toward parenthood in general predicts whether he will spank his children more accurately than does any specific attitude.

C. Sean’s attitude toward spanking will not be very meaningful until Sean has his own children.

D. Sean’s past experience with being spanked as a child is more predictive of whether he will spank his own children than his own attitudes toward spanking.

Using only a few seconds of security camera footage, Detective Mata observes thin slices of __________ and uses them as powerful cues for forming impressions of suspects.

A. expressions

B. behavior

C. judgments

D. attitudes

When Cody arrived at the gym, it was relatively empty. She started riding a stationary bike at a leisurely pace. After a few other people sat down on nearby bikes, however, she began to speed up her pace and push herself a bit more. What is this phenomenon called?

A. social facilitation

B. social loafing

C. deindividuation

D. group decision making

When he falls on the sidewalk during the winter, Jeremiah thinks, “This ice is brutal!” When he sees his friend Ed fall on the same icy sidewalk a few hours later, he laughs and says, “You are really clumsy!” Ed’s attitudes in these cases reflect the impact of the

A. actor/observer bias.

B. out-group bias.

C. in-group bias.

D. fundamental attribution error.

When walking home from work, Eric noticed a group of men standing near the intersection. Eric decided to take a different route home either instinctively or because of which of the following?

A. prejudice

B. snap judgment

C. observer bias

D. situational attribution

Which of the following is NOT one of the top five qualities that college students rate as the most positive characteristic in people they would want to be friends or romantically involved with?

A. intelligent

B. loyal

C. sincere

D. honest

Which of the following is an example of a complex attitude?

A. Ricardo tells people that he believes in being honest, yet he regularly steals small things from the grocery store.

B. Samuel believes that the government should have less say in people’s lives and tells others to vote for candidates who believe in a smaller government.

C. Tito’s opinions of rock bands tends to be very consistent with those of his friends, and he enjoys knowing that they have something in common.

D. Victoria dresses in conservative outfits even though her sister likes to dress in skimpy and revealing clothing.

Which of the following traits is considered attractive across all cultures?

A. good hygiene

B. slim body

C. tan skin

D. tall height

Which of these scenarios is an example of normative influence on behavior?

A. Emily noticed a number of cars slowing down and pulling over to the side of the road, so she pulled over too, in case an emergency vehicle needed to pass.

B. Outside her window, people walking on the street were all wearing coats and hats, so Emily made sure to dress warmly too.

C. Nobody at Emily’s new office wore sandals or denim, so she decided not to either.

D. Emily pulled up to the mall parking lot late in the evening and saw a lot of people headed out of the doors. She assumed the mall was already closed, so she headed home.

Which phenomenon may explain why some people want to join a fraternity or sorority badly enough that they will endure weeks of humiliation and physical discomfort to gain membership?

A. cognitive dissonance

B. insufficient justification

C. conditioning

D. justification of effort

Which researcher identified four interpersonal styles that lead to difficulties and, often, breakups between couples who are romantically involved?

A. Sternberg

B. Hatfield

C. Berscheid

D. Gottman

 
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Explain some of the advantages to the use of technology in making courtrooms presentations. What are three examples of how technology can make…

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Explain some of the advantages to the use of technology in making courtrooms presentations. What are three examples of how technology can make evidence clearer to a jury and increases evidence impact. How does a paralegal assist with this?

 
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